That can develop a degree of genuine equality that will make affirmative action … the main burden of change must lie with programs Without regard to race, gender, or other extraneous characteristics. People ought to be accorded equal treatment High ground, arguing that such policies betray the central ethical claim whichĭrove the civil rights movement in its long struggle against segregation. “Opponents of affirmative action have sought to seize the moral.The legacy of decades of systematic deprivation could be overcome onlyīy color conscious policies direct at the victims of that deprivation.” (Howard, 1997) Ought to now adopt race based policies aimed at helping young blacks overcome “A society which had consistently underinvested in black students.Proclamation, by law and in the courts, then continued to enslave them andĭenied them equal rights on the basis of their color.” (Boggs, 1970) The first and only country which, having freed its slaves legally, by The crime of the United States is that it is

Many societies and countries have been based on slavery. Unites States was built up on an economy of slavery. Stimulus to growth in both countries.” (Thistlewaite, 1959) (Steinberg, 1981)ġ860, cotton constituted 60 percent of American exports nearly all went to Only 12,000 pounds of cotton were exported in 1790, by 1860, the figure had Slavery there is no cotton without cotton there is no modern industry.” (Karl Marx) Virtue of common ancestry and a common cultural background. To the condition of being culturally rather than physically distinctive. Of a presumed common genetic heritage resulting in distinguishing physical Groups membership, such as race, religion, or national origin is a majorĬriterion for ranking social positions and their differential rewards. Racial and ethnic stratification refers systems of inequality in which some fixed Self-determination, status wealth access to services, comfort, leisure,Ģ. Privileges, power, rights over others, authority, life style choices, Social class 'implies having or not having the following: individual rights, Social stratification means that inequality has been institutionalized.ġ.

Importance by being incorporated into the beliefs, attitudes and values of theĢ.

Superiority and inferiority until they are socially recognized and given Biological traits to not become relevant in patterns of social Is the ranking of people in a vertical arrangement (hierarchy) thatĭifferentiates them as superior or inferior.ġ.

Social strata